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Arabinoxylan hydrolyzates as immunomodulators.
M. M. MENDIS (1), E. Leclerc (1), S. Simsek (1). (1) North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, U.S.A.

Arabinoxylans (AX) are the main non starch polysaccharides in many cereal grains. There is a scarcity of research exploring their health benefits in the diet. We aimed to produce sixty enzymatically tailored AX hydrolyzates using two different xylanase and arabinofuranosidase enzymes in different combinations. These AX hydrolyzates were studied for their chemical properties using SEC-MALS, HPAEC-PAD and 1H-NMR techniques. Treatment of AX with arabinofuranosidase prior to treatment with xylanase resulted in smaller polysaccharides compared to polysaccharides that were first treated with xylanase and then by arabinofuranosidase. Most oligosaccharides obtained after enzymatic treatments consisted mainly of xylobiose. AX hydrolyzates were evaluated for their immunomodulatory activity using RAW 264.7, Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines. AX hydrolyzates with lower molecular weight showed higher suppression of NO production in RAW 264.7 cells than AX hydrolyzates with higher molecular weight. Effect of selected AX hydrolyzates on PGE2 and IL-8 production in LPS induced HT-29 cells and Caco-2 cells were assayed.  Most of the hydrolyzates caused an increase in PGE2 production in HT-29 cells and Caco-2 cells. Most hydrolyzates that were tested showed anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated HT-29 cells and Caco-2 cells by lowering their IL-8 production. Thus, AX can be enzymatically tailored to obtain AX hydrolyzates with varying molecular weights and levels of arabinose substitution. AX hydrolyzates with lower molecular weights have better immunomodulatory effects compared to larger polysaccharides. Many of the hydrolyzates tested were able to lower the IL-8 production in HT-29 and Caco-2 cells. These results suggest that enzymatically tailored AX hydrolyzates  have the ability to act as immunomodulators.

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