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Quantitative Variation of HMW Glutenin Subunits from Hard Red Spring Wheats Grown in Different Environments¹

¹Published with the approval of the Director, Agricultural Experimental Station, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105. ²Department of Cereal & Food Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105. ³Corresponding author. Email: Khalil.khan@ndsu.nodak.edu.

The objective of this study was to investigate the quantitative variation of HMW glutenin subunits in relation to glutenin polymers and hence breadmaking quality across different environments. Six genotypes of hard red spring (HRS) wheat were grown at seven locations in North Dakota in 1998 in a randomized complete-block experimental design with three replicates at each location. Unreduced SDS-soluble glutenins of flour were fractionated by multistacking SDS-PAGE into different sized glutenin polymers, followed by SDS-PAGE and imaging densitometry to determine the quantitative variation of HMW glutenin subunits. SDS-insoluble glutenin polymers also were examined for their quantitative composition of HMW glutenin subunits. The results showed that the percentage of HMW glutenin subunits was significantly affected by growing locations. The quantity of HMW glutenin subunits in SDS-insoluble glutenins was significantly and positively correlated with loaf volume. SDS-insoluble glutenin polymers had a higher percentage of HMW glutenin subunits than did SDS-soluble glutenins. SDS-insoluble glutenin polymers in flour were positively and significantly correlated in proportions of both total and individual HMW glutenin subunits in total SDS glutenins. SDS-insoluble glutenin polymers also were positively and significantly correlated with the combined proportion of HMW glutenin subunits 2* + 5. The results of this study indicated that either subunit 2* or 5 might be more important in forming a greater quantity of larger SDS-insoluble glutenin polymers than other subunits. SDS-insoluble glutenin polymers from different cultivars or locations could have different quantities of HMW glutenin subunits in their composition. SDS-insoluble glutenin polymers with more HMW glutenin subunits might be larger sized than those with less HMW glutenin subunits. Environment significantly influenced the quantitative variation of HMW glutenin subunits, which in turn affected the size distribution of glutenin polymers, and hence breadmaking quality.