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Rapid Identification of HMW Glutenin Subunits from Different Hexaploid Wheat Species by Acidic Capillary Electrophoresis

¹Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China. ²Corresponding author. Phone: 010-68903829. Fax: 010-68903829. E-mail: yanym@hotmail.com ³Present address: Institute of Agricultural Crops, Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants, 18190 Gross Lüsewitz, Germany. ⁴Division of Plant Breeding and Applied Genetics, Life Science Center, Technical University of Munich, Lange Point 51, Freising-Weihenstephan D85350, Germany.

High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) from three hexaploid wheat species (AABBDD, 2n=6x=42, Triticum aestivum L., T. spelta L., and T. compactum L.) were separated and identified by acidic capillary electrophoresis (A-CE) with phosphate-glycine buffer (pH 2.5) in uncoated fused-silica capillaries (50 μm, i.d. × 25.5 cm) at 12.5 kV and 40°C. The rapid separations (<15 min) of HMW-GS with good repeatability (RSD < 2%) were obtained using a fast capillary rising protocol. All 17 HMW-GS analyzed could be well separated and their relative migration orders were ranked. In particular, the good quality subunit pair 5+10 could be differentiated from poor quality subunit pair 2+12. In addition, the other three allelic pairs of 13+16, 17+18, and 7+8 subunits that were considered to have positive effects on dough properties, as well as three pairs of novel subunits 13+22*, 13*+19*, and 6.1+22.1 detected from spelt and club wheat, can also be readily separated and identified. An additional protein subunit presented in Chinese bread wheat cultivar Jing 411 and club wheat TRI 4445/75, respectively, was detected by both A-CE and 2-D gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE × SDS-PAGE), for which further identification is needed.