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Competition for Oxygen Among Oxidative Systems During Bread Dough Mixing: Consequences of Addition of Glucose Oxidase and Lipoxygenase on Yeasted Dough Rheology

¹Chaire de Biochimie Industrielle et Agro-Alimentaire, UMR 1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 292 Rue Saint-Martin, Case 306, 75141 Paris Cedex 03, France. ²Moulins Soufflet, 7 quai de l'apport Paris, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France. ³Puratos Group, Industrialaan 25, 1702 Groot-Bijgaarden, Belgium. ⁴Corresponding author: Phone: 33 (0)1 40 27 23 85. Fax: 33 (0)1 40 27 20 66. E-mail: jacques.nicolas@cnam.fr

The effect on O₂ uptake during the mixing of yeasted dough, either unsupplemented or supplemented with glucose oxidase (GOX), horsebean flour (HB), soybean flour (SB), or combinations thereof, was studied using an airtight mixer. Two wheat flours with a low (flour A) and a high (flour B) content of free polyunsaturated fatty acids were used. Addition of HB or SB provokes a similar increase of O₂ uptake for both wheat flours, whereas addition of GOX causes a larger increase for flour A than for flour B. When the wheat flours were supplemented with HB or SB, addition of GOX caused a small but significant increase of O₂ uptake for flour A. This increase was not observed for flour B. The mixing tolerance of dough A, determined with the Chopin Consistograph, is increased by GOX addition. However, this effect is less pronounced when flour A is supplemented with HB or SB. Similarly, the relaxation index of dough B is decreased by GOX addition, but the decrease is less distinct in the presence of HB or SB. These results can be explained by a competition among yeast, GOX, and lipoxygenases (present in wheat, HB, and SB flours) for the O₂ uptake by dough, which likely decreases the amount of hydrogen peroxide produced by GOX during dough mixing. This competition for O₂ consequently also modifies the rheological properties of dough.