Cereals & Grains Association
Log In

02 Features
Cereal Foods World, Vol. 63, No. 3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/CFW-63-3-0099
Print To PDF
Role of Fiber in Carbohydrate Quality—Meeting Dietary Fiber Recommendations: What Counts?
B. O. Schneeman1
University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A.

1 Professor emeritus, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis. E-mail: boschneeman@ucdavis.edu


Abstract

To understand the contribution of dietary fiber to carbohydrate quality, it is useful to examine the definition of dietary fiber, how that definition has evolved, and what is currently accepted in recommendations for fiber intake by humans. Two aspects of dietary fiber have consistently emerged to define its quality and to provide a basis for recommendations for intake: fiber as a component of plant foods in the diet and fibers that have physiological effects that provide a health benefit.





Trying to reach content?

View Full Article

if you don't have access, become a member

References

  1. Atwater, W. O. Principles of nutrition and nutritive value of food. USDA Farmer’s Bull. 142:3, 1902.
  2. Burkitt, D. P., and Trowell, H. C. Refined Carbohydrate Foods and Disease, Some Implications of Dietary Fibre. Academic Press, London, 1975.
  3. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Guidelines on nutrition labelling. Standard CAC/GL 2-1985. Published online at www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/thematic-areas/nutrition-labelling/en/#c452837. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Rome, 2013.
  4. Cummings, J. H., and Engineer, A. Denis Burkitt and the origins of the dietary fibre hypothesis. Nutr. Res. Rev. DOI: 10.1017/S0954422417000117. 2017.
  5. DeVries, J. W., and Rader, J. I. Historical perspective as a guide for identifying and developing applicable methods for dietary fiber. J. AOAC Int. 88:1349, 2005.
  6. European Food Safety Authority Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies. Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for carbohydrates and dietary fibre. EFSA J. 8:1462, 2010.
  7. Fischer, C. G., and Garnett, T. Plates, Pyramids, and Planets: Developments in National Healthy and Sustainable Dietary Guidelines: A State of Play Assessment. FAO and the University of Oxford, 2016.
  8. Hunt, C. L., and Atwater, H. W. How to select foods. I. What the body needs. USDA Farmer’s Bull. 808:3, 1917.
  9. Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2005.
  10. Mann, J., Cummings, J. H., Englyst, H. N., Key, T., Liu, S., et al. FAO/WHO scientific update on carbohydrates in human nutrition: Conclusions. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 61(Suppl. 1):S132, 2007.
  11. McCleary, B. V., DeVries, J. W., Rader, J. I., Cohen, G., Prosky, L., Mugford, D. C., and Okuma, K. Determination of insoluble, soluble, and total dietary fiber (CODEX definition) by enzymatic-gravimetric method and liquid chromatography: Collaborative study. J. AOAC Int. 95:824, 2012.
  12. McRorie, J. W., and McKeown, N. M. Understanding the physics of functional fibers in the gastrointestinal tract: An evidence-based approach to resolving enduring misconceptions about insoluble and soluble fiber. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 117:251, 2017.
  13. National Academy of Sciences. Recommended Dietary Allowances: 7th Edition. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 1968.
  14. National Academy of Sciences. Recommended Dietary Allowances: 8th Edition. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 1974.
  15. National Research Council. Recommended Dietary Allowances: 9th Edition. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 1980.
  16. National Research Council. Diet and Health: Implications for Reducing Chronic Disease Risk. Report of the Committee on Diet and Health, Food and Nutrition Board, Commission on Life Sciences. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 1989.
  17. National Research Council. Recommended Dietary Allowances: 10th Edition. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 1989.
  18. U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015–2020, 8th ed. Published online at https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2015.
  19. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Surgeon General’s Report on Nutrition and Health. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1988.
  20. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for industry: Scientific evaluation of the evidence on the beneficial physiological effects of isolated or synthetic non-digestible carbohydrates submitted as a citizen petition (21 CFR 10.30). Published online at www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/ucm528532.htm. FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 2018.
  21. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Questions and answers for industry on dietary fiber. Published online at www.fda.gov/Food/LabelingNutrition/ucm528582.htm. FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 2018.
  22. U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Department of Health and Human Services. Nutrition labeling of food. Code of Federal Regulations. 21 CFR 101.9(c)(6)(i). Published online at www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title21-vol2-sec101-9.pdf. Government Printing Office Washington, DC, 2012.
  23. U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Department of Health and Human Services. Food labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts labels. Fed. Reg. 81(103):33741, 2016.
  24. WHO. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases: Report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. World Health Org. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 916, 2003.